Title : Role of probiotics in antimicrobial resistance and contributing factors in urinary tract infection patients
Abstract:
Introduction
Antibiotic usage has accelerated the physiologic process of AMR, notably among Gram- negative bacteria. They are a serious public health problem caused by a range of organisms, but most commonly by Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, Enterococcus faecalis, and Staphylococcus saprophyticus. Probiotics may have a potential alternative for preventing, both severe and uncomplicated problems.
Objectives
-
Isolation and Characterization of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactic Acid Bacillus
-
Evaluation of Antibacterial activity using agar spot assay
-
Assessment of Antibiofilm activity by crystal violet assay
Method
Characterized Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactic Acid Bacillus using Acid tolerance, Gram staining, Indole test, Methyl red, Citrate. Antibacterial activity was determined by using agar well diffusion. To access the Anti-biofilm effect, and probiotic was cultured at 6 and 12 McFarland along with 0.5 McFarland standard of bacteria in 96 microtiter plate. Washed with PBS and crystal violet was added to the wells and then washed with 95% ethanol and change in color Intensity was observed.
Results
Lactobacillus acidophilus exhibited antibacterial activity with an inhibition zone of 14 mm in the agar well diffusion assay against drug-resistant strains. Anti-biofilm activity results showed a significant reduction in biofilm formation by UTI pathogens at a concentration of 18 × 10? CFU/mL of the probiotic.
Conclusion
This study demonstrated that Lactobacillus acidophilus has a significant antibacterial and anti- biofilm properties against drug-resistant UTI pathogens. According to these results, probiotics may be a viable substitute for antibiotics and provide an extended approach to mitigate antibiotic resistance. In further research, we hope to confirm Lactobacillus acidophilus's antibacterial and anti-biofilm effectiveness using comprehensive in vitro studies. Then, we extend the results to in vivo models to evaluate its potential as a treatment for drug-resistant UTIs.
Keywords: Antimicrobial resistant, Probiotics, Antibiotics and Urinary tract infection
