Title : Innovative applications of probiotics for skin aging and its molecular mechanisms
Abstract:
Health benefits of probiotics have been established by several studies in animals and humans and the scientific literature shows that the clinical uses of probiotics are broad and are open to continuing evaluation.
Aging is a natural process that we cannot avoid, so probiotics are an alternative therapy to slow down the skin aging process, both intrinsic and extrinsic. Aging is an inevitable and normal biological process in humans and is a complex and multifaceted process involving a variety of interrelated molecular mechanisms and cellular systems. While numerous factors such as genetics and lifestyle can accelerate the process, research has helped identify aging mechanisms that can be targeted to slow down or delay the appearance of visible signs of aging on skin. It is important to distinguish between the effects of true biological aging (intrinsic aging) and environmental factors, such as exposure to the sun (extrinsic aging). Generally, the molecular changes of photoaging are considered to be as augmentation and ampli?cation of the molecular changes associated with chronological skin aging. In terms of biochemical and molecular mechanisms, skin aging is a really complex process, which involves a variety of changes and a lot of molecules. The human skin microbiome is vital when it comes to maintaining skin health and preventing a variety of dermatological conditions. It is important to understand the dynamic relationship of these beneficial microorganisms-probiotics on the skin to create effective strategies for using probiotics for maintaining skin health.
Major environmental factors have been recognized to induce modi?cations of the morphological and biophysical properties of the skin. Factors as diverse as ultraviolet radiation, atmospheric pollution, wounds, infections, traumatisms, anoxia, cigarette smoke, and hormonal status have a role in increasing the rate of accumulation of molecular modi?cations and have, therefore, been termed ‘‘factors of aging.’’ Probiotics also can decrease MMP (matrix metalloproteinases) level, which is one of the factors that play a role in skin aging. Promising research on this topic shows that probiotics could beneficially modulate the microbial composition of the skin microbiome and attenuate skin aging. Some of the proposed mechanisms for such effects involve restoring acidic skin pH, alleviating oxidative stress, attenuating photoaging, and improving skin barrier function. More clinical studies are needed.
